Pakaryan ing Garis Ngarep:
Pengaruhe AI tumrap pakaryan lepas
Riset anyar saka OpenAI lan Upwork nemokake owah-owahan panjaluk layanan pekerja lepas, gabungan katrampilan anyar, lan anggaran luwih gedhe kanggo proyek sing gegayutan karo AI.
Kanggo pekerja lepas, owah-owahan pasar dirasakake saka siji tugas menyang tugas sabanjure: klien mbutuhake layanan sing beda, njaluk katrampilan anyar, utawa nggedhekake cakupan proyek. Riset anyar kita bareng Upwork menehi gambaran awal babagan owah-owahan iki ing jaman AI. Pangsa pasar sawetara layanan sing wis lumrah saya suda, dene proyek sing gegayutan karo AI nggabungake maneka kabisan—lan mbutuhake anggaran luwih gedhe sarta jam kerja luwih akeh.
Dampake ora cilik. Indeks Tenaga Kerja Masa Ngarep 2026(mbukak ing jendhela anyar) saka Upwork nemokake yen 38% pekerja trampil ing AS sing pakaryane adhedhasar kawruh nindakake pakaryan lepas. Panaliten taunan sadurunge(mbukak ing jendhela anyar) ngira yen pakaryan lepas adhedhasar kawruh ngasilake penghasilan $1,5 triliun ing AS ing taun 2024. Cakupan prakiraan iki luwih amba tinimbang pasar Upwork dhewe.
Pakaryan lepas uga bisa nuduhake owah-owahan luwih awal tinimbang statistik ketenagakerjaan ing sakabehe ekonomi. Kontrak kerep mung jangka cekak, lan klien bisa nyetel syarat ing saben iklan lowongan. Kanggo mangerteni oyote owah-owahan iki, kita kerja bareng Upwork, pasar online sing nyambungake klien lan pekerja lepas, kanggo nliti panjaluk kasebut bebarengan karo kegiyatan sing ditindakake wong langsung nganggo ChatGPT.
Komposisi pakaryan ing platform loro kasebut beda. Nulis nduweni proporsi luwih gedhe ing panggunaan ChatGPT, dene video lan animasi nduweni proporsi luwih gedhe ing panjaluk kanggo pekerja lepas ing iklan lowongan Upwork.
Ing ngisor iki maneka tugas ing platform loro kasebut.
Kegiyatan iki mung makili owah-owahan proporsi paling gedhe ing Upwork sajrone periode sing ditliti. Proporsi ChatGPT nyakup Jan 2025–Jun 2026; proporsi Upwork kanggo semester I 2026. Owah-owahan proporsi Upwork diitung saka semester I 2025 nganti semester I 2026, nganggo poin persentase.
Akeh kegiyatan sing cukup lumrah ing ChatGPT ngalami suda proporsi ing Upwork, dene kegiyatan sing luwih arang ditindakake malah mundhak. Saka 63 kategori pakaryan sing dianalisis, 43 manut pola iki.
20 kategori pakaryan liyane nuduhake pola suwalike. Panggunaan ChatGPT wae ora bisa nerangake owah-owahan panjaluk pakaryan lepas.
Perbandhingan iki uga mung nggambarake carane wong nggunakake ChatGPT saiki, dudu kabeh tugas sing bisa dibiyantu AI—kesenjangan sing diarani OpenAI minangka kabisan sing durung dimanfaatake.
Saben titik makili salah siji saka 63 subkategori pakaryan sing dicocogake ing taksonomi Upwork. Sumbu horisontal nuduhake logaritma natural saka proporsi panggunaan ChatGPT ing kategori kasebut ing semester II 2025 dibagi proporsi iklan lowongan Upwork ing kategori sing padha ing semester I 2023. Sumbu vertikal nuduhake persentase owah-owahan proporsi iklan lowongan Upwork ing kategori kasebut saka semester I 2023 nganti semester II 2025, nganggo skala logaritmik; 0% tegese pangsa pasar ora owah. Garis pamisah vertikal ing intensitas AI 0 menehi tandha yen proporsi kategori ing ChatGPT padha karo proporsi ing iklan lowongan Upwork ing periode dhasar.
Ing pungkasan 2025, klien wis njaluk AI digunakake ing luwih akeh lan maneka jinis pakaryan. Klien nggoleki pekerja lepas kanggo ngetrapake AI ing tugas kayata pangembangan chatbot, produksi video, otomatisasi pemasaran, lan integrasi aplikasi.
Ing saben proyek, kabisan AI kerep dijaluk bebarengan karo pakaryan liyane. Iklan lowongan sing gegayutan karo AI nyantumake cacah tugas sing meh padha karo iklan liyane, nanging luwih kerep nggabungake tugas sing arang katon bebarengan ing pakaryan sadurunge.
Some clients asked for AI-generated video, editing, and motion graphics in a single posting. The freelancer would bring those skills together to deliver a finished video.
Video gaweyane AI
Panyuntingan video
Grafis obah
Between early 2023 and late 2025, the mix of tasks in AI-related postings became 45% more diverse—the equivalent of an increase from about 15 equally common tasks to about 21.
- Wiwitan 2023
- 14,6
- Pungkasan 2025
- 21,2
Although posted hourly rates were similar for AI-related and other work, AI-related projects had larger fixed-price budgets and involved more hours of work. This pattern suggests that higher budgets may partly reflect a broader scope of work.
AI’s effects on work can be difficult to detect in employment statistics. As we have noted in previous Work at the Frontier papers, the effects may appear first in the work people do.
Because freelance projects turn over quickly, postings are continually refreshed as clients’ needs change. Work within firms can evolve without appearing in a new job posting. Combined with ChatGPT data, these postings offer an early view of which activities people undertake directly with AI, which they hire freelancers to perform, and how AI-related projects differ from other work.
The findings do not point to a simple substitution story. Some activities common in ChatGPT use lost share on Upwork, but this pattern was not uniform. AI-related work also spanned a wider mix of activities, combined tasks in less familiar ways, and carried larger fixed-price budgets and more hours.
Together, these patterns suggest that AI may be shifting both what clients seek from freelancers and how they assemble projects.
The OpenAI Economic Research Team explores how AI is changing work in real time with the Work at the Frontier series.
